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Last Updated: 3/9/2026

Combine Middleware

Combine Middleware combines multiple middleware functions into a single middleware. It provides three functions:

  • some - Runs only one of the given middleware.
  • every - Runs all given middleware.
  • except - Runs all given middleware only if a condition is not met.

Import

import { Hono } from 'hono'
import { some, every, except } from 'hono/combine'

Usage

Here’s an example of complex access control rules using Combine Middleware.

import { Hono } from 'hono'
import { bearerAuth } from 'hono/bearer-auth'
import { getConnInfo } from 'hono/cloudflare-workers'
import { every, some } from 'hono/combine'
import { ipRestriction } from 'hono/ip-restriction'
import { rateLimit } from '@/my-rate-limit'
 
const app = new Hono()
 
app.use(
  '*',
  some(
    every(
      ipRestriction(getConnInfo, { allowList: ['192.168.0.2'] }),
      bearerAuth({ token })
    ),
    // If both conditions are met, rateLimit will not execute.
    rateLimit()
  )
)
 
app.get('/', (c) => c.text('Hello Hono!'))

some

Runs the first middleware that returns true. Middleware is applied in order, and if any middleware exits successfully, subsequent middleware will not run.

import { some } from 'hono/combine'
import { bearerAuth } from 'hono/bearer-auth'
import { myRateLimit } from '@/rate-limit'
 
// If client has a valid token, skip rate limiting.
// Otherwise, apply rate limiting.
app.use(
  '/api/*',
  some(bearerAuth({ token }), myRateLimit({ limit: 100 }))
)

every

Runs all middleware and stops if any of them fail. Middleware is applied in order, and if any middleware throws an error, subsequent middleware will not run.

import { some, every } from 'hono/combine'
import { bearerAuth } from 'hono/bearer-auth'
import { myCheckLocalNetwork } from '@/check-local-network'
import { myRateLimit } from '@/rate-limit'
 
// If client is in local network, skip authentication and rate limiting.
// Otherwise, apply authentication and rate limiting.
app.use(
  '/api/*',
  some(
    myCheckLocalNetwork(),
    every(bearerAuth({ token }), myRateLimit({ limit: 100 }))
  )
)

except

Runs all middleware except when the condition is met. You can pass a string or function as the condition. If multiple targets need to be matched, pass them as an array.

import { except } from 'hono/combine'
import { bearerAuth } from 'hono/bearer-auth'
 
// If client is accessing public API, skip authentication.
// Otherwise, require a valid token.
app.use('/api/*', except('/api/public/*', bearerAuth({ token })))
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